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A Gram stain and culture of the material from an infected site are the most commonly performed microbiology tests used to identify the cause of an infection Often detecting the presence of microorganisms and determining whether an infection is caused by an organism that is Gram positive or Gram negative will be sufficient to allow a doctor to prescribe treatment with an appropriate empiric
patient Sputum was identified for coagulase-positive bacteria with enzyme DNA activity What Gram-positive cocci arranged irregularly in a shape of congestions The culture is oxidase and catalyze positive ferments mannitol and synthesizes plasmacoagulase Name the causative agent of the species Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus аgalactiae +Staphylococcus aureus
Gram-Positive Cocci Enterococcal Infections Pneumococcal Infections Staphylococcal Infections Streptococcal Infections Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) Test your knowledge Overview of Herpesvirus Infections There are eight different types of herpesviruses that infect humans Each type manifests in a different way Of the different types of herpesviruses which of the following can increase
Abstract: The use of sputum studies and blood cultures in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is somewhat controversial and recommendations continue to evolve A reasonable approach is to attempt to obtain sputum cultures from all patients before initiating antibiotic therapy If antibiotics have already been given sputum studies can be reserved for patients who are
25 10 2016Each patient gave sputum 3 days in a row when admitted to hospital Sputum has been examined: bacterial culture with antibiotics sensitivity Gram stain Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cases with high temperature blood cultures were done when we were suspicious about bronchial carcinoma bronchoscopy with BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) was done We show analyzed patients according to
The most useful laboratory maneuver for the initial diagnosis of typical pneumonia is a gram stain examination of the sputum Usually the patient will produce copious amounts of purulent or mucopurulent sputum Exceptions: patients who are severely dehydrated patients with obstructive lesions and patients too weak to mount an effective cough The odor of the sputum should be noted
In conclusion sputum and ETSA Gram stain and culture had a modest diagnostic value (overall sensitivity of 25% for Gram stain and 21% for culture) in patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in our institution Many patients were unable to produce sputum of sufficient quality to be suitable for microbiological processing Our relatively low sensitivity may be explained by real‐life
Positive Gram stain results usually include a description of what was seen on the slide This typically includes: Whether the bacteria are Gram-positive (purple) or Gram-negative (pink) Shape — round (cocci) or rods (bacilli) Size relative quantity and/or arrangement of the bacteria if relevant Whether there are bacteria present within other cells (intracellular) Presence of red blood
Sputum Culture from the Same Patient On the right is the Gram smear in which one can see many squamous epithelial cells Notice the gram negative bacilli present in this area of the smear Once again there were a few scattered polymorphonuclear cells The culture shown on the left yielded
-White blood cell(s) Gram-positive cocci in clusters and tetrads Gram-negative coccobacilli -mixed infections like this are common in wound infections What would best describes this image of a wound Gram stain? None of the above-Gram stains of normal stool specimens should contain abundant and varied fecal flora Which of the following can be determined from the results of this Gram stain
In this Gram-stained smear of a positive blood culture bottle one can see gram-positive cocci in pairs chains (arrows) and clusters (arrowhead) It is often possible to differ-entiate streptococci (chains) from staphylococci (clusters) When they are seen together however it is best to remain non-committal reporting only gram-positive
13 05 2015Each sputum specimen was divided into 2 for the TB study (AFB smear and M tuberculosis culture) and Gram staining According to the Gram staining results the specimens were graded using the Murray and Washington's system Sputum specimens of grade 4 or 5 were considered acceptable for diagnosing bacterial pneumonia (1 7 8 9)
THE SPUTUM GRAM STAIN The sputum Gram stain a standard procedure in clinical microbiology is used for assessment of specimen quality for preliminary rapid diagnostic information and for laboratory quality assurance Several systems are used to assess specimen quality using the sputum Gram stain A number of quantitative criteria have
A sputum Gram stain is a laboratory test used to detect bacteria in a sputum sample Sputum is the material that comes up from your air passages when you cough very deeply The Gram stain method is one of the most commonly used methods to rapidly identify the cause of a
A Gram stain and culture of the material from an infected site are the most commonly performed microbiology tests used to identify the cause of an infection Often detecting the presence of microorganisms and determining whether an infection is caused by an organism that is Gram positive or Gram negative will be sufficient to allow a doctor to prescribe treatment with an appropriate empiric
Initial full blood counts (FBC) showed white blood cell counts (WBC) of 9 7 10 9 /L neutrophils of 84 6% lymphocytes of 11 9% haematocrit (HCT) of 37% and platelets of 273 10 9 /L Preliminary sputum Gram stain showed Gram negative bacilli and Gram positive cocci Doppler ultrasound scan of the lower limbs was negative for deep venous thrombosis of calf veins Chest radiograph showed
The most useful laboratory maneuver for the initial diagnosis of typical pneumonia is a gram stain examination of the sputum Usually the patient will produce copious amounts of purulent or mucopurulent sputum Exceptions: patients who are severely dehydrated patients with obstructive lesions and patients too weak to mount an effective cough The odor of the sputum should be noted
- Normal vaginal flora - Budding yeast Gram stain - Staphylococcus aureus in wound - Gram-positive cocci clusters 2 - Sputum with Staphylococcus aureus - Gram-positive cocci chains - S pneumoniae gram stains - S pneumoniae in CSF - Pneumococcus in sputum - C perfringens Gram stain - C difficile - Medium length Gram positive rod - Coryneform bacteria - Listeria - Nocardia 1
Gram-positive facultatively anaerobic cocci Enterococci staphylococci and streptococci Aerococcus urinae Gram-positive cocci in small clusters on a heart valve of a patient who died from endocarditis (Gram stain) Aerococcus urinae Catalase-negative Gram-positive cocci in small clusters (tetrads) from a culture (Gram stain) Enterococcus faecalis Medium-sized Gram-positive cocci forming
Sputum Culture: Definition Sputum is material coughed up from the lungs and expectorated (spit out) through the mouth A sputum culture is done to find and identify the microorganism causing an infection of the lower respiratory tract such as pneumonia (an infection of the lung) If a microorganism is found more testing is done to determine
Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infection Treatment Guideline Patients who have not been initiated on antimicrobials and have a blood culture positive for Gram-positive cocci should be evaluated and treated based upon the algorithm below Patient with 1 of 2 blood cultures positive for Gram-positive cocci (GPC) in clusters Clinically Unstable (hypotension o r signs of sepsis) Clinically
fungal gram stains buds rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria organisms endotracheal pathogen sterile urethral allows oil immersion field genital pathogens streptococci bacterial squamous physician cocci culture over-decolorized artifact organism microbiology neisseria hyphae urine gonorrhea epithelial cells sputum gram-positive microorganisms gram stain cervical evaluation clinician gram-stained
Interpretations of Key Phrases - "Gram positive cocci in clusters" may suggest Staphyloccocus species - Gram positive cocci in pairs and chains may suggest Streptococcus species or Enterococcus species - "Gram negative coccobacilli" may suggest Haemophilus species - "Lactose-positive gram negative rods" may suggest Enterobacteriaceae such as E coli Klebsiella or
Gram-positive bacteria are among the most common human pathogens associated with clinical infections which range from mild skin infections to sepsis In an era defined by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and an increasing drive toward delivering patient care via ambulatory pathways the paradigm for the management of infections is changing
sputum sample was unobtainable at this time The patient was treated with cefazolin and tobramycin but remained febrile On hospital day 26 a Gram stain of her sputum showed numerous neutrophils gram-positive cocci in clus-ters pairs andchains andgram-negativebacilli AKinyoun stain of her sputum showed many acid-fast bacilli (AFB) (Fig 1)
A sputum Gram stain was non-diagnostic A chest X-ray revealed a right lower lobe infiltrate A blood culture was subsequently positive for gram-positive cocci in pairs (diplococci) 1 What is the clinical diagnosis in this patient? 2 What is the likely organism causing this illness? What is the major virulence factor of this organism? 3 Patients with sickle cell disease are at increased
Gram Positive Cocci In Clusters Is easy for medical lab technologist to identify the appearance and arrangement of Gram positive cocci A report showing Gram positive cocci appearing in clusters has an indication that after a culture test staphylococcus species of bacteria will be identified This is an initial evaluation that shows the likelihood of a true pathogen staphylococcus aureus will
Sputum MCS – interpretation of If ++ or +++ Gram negative or Gram positive bacteria are seen on microscopy there is more likely to be a true infection Culture If there is a colony count of 106/L ++ or +++ this is more likely to be a true infection "Mixed upper respiratory tract flora" is normal and does not usually need treatment Common bacteria likely to cause pneumonias
The attending physician should be familiar with the differential diagnostic possibilities for organisms that present in blood cultures as gram-positive cocci in pairs (e g those for Streptococcus pneumoniae vs those for Leuconostoc species) If gram-positive cocci are arranged in chains then streptococci are the organisms to be further identified The treating physician should be able to
Both are Gram-positive cocci 0 5-1 0 m in diameter Gram stain of sputum Streptococcus pneumoniae will usually appear as encapsulated Gram-positive lancet-shaped diplococci Concept map for Lab 14 - Organisms and Infections - Identification Return to Menu for Lab 14 3 The Viridans Streptococci DISCUSSION Ten species of streptococci are known as the viridans streptococci They
Sputum culture Definition A sputum culture is a microbiology test performed to isolate and identify microorganisms causing an infection of the lower respiratory tract Purpose Infections of the lungs and bronchial tubes are caused by several pathogenic microorganisms including bacteria fungi viruses and parasites which are responsible for a variety of diseases including pulmonary
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