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Influenza viruses can change in two different ways—antigenic drift and antigenic shift Transmission of Influenza Viruses from Animals to People Influenza A viruses also are found in many different animals including ducks chickens pigs whales horses and seals Antigenic Characterization of Influenza Viruses "Antigens" are molecular structures on the surface of viruses that are
Influenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals and is the only species of the genus Alphainfluenzavirus of the virus family Orthomyxoviridae Strains of all subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated from wild birds although disease is uncommon Some isolates of influenza A virus cause severe disease both in domestic poultry and rarely in humans
The Influenza viruses section of Virology Journal will publish articles on all aspects of influenza virus research including molecular genetics molecular biology biochemistry biophysics structural biology cell biology immunology morphology and pathogenesis The section will also welcome the case reports of influenza outbreaks in both human and animal populations and development and
Abstract The influenza virus (IV) is still of great importance as it poses an immanent threat to humans and animals Among the three IV-types (A B and C) influenza A viruses are clinically the most important being responsible for severe epidemics in humans and domestic animals
The emergence of influenza viruses with reduced susceptibility to baloxavir marboxil (BXM) would limit the clinical utility of this novel antiviral To assess the risk of such resistance emerging we evaluated influenza A and B viruses carrying BXM-reduced susceptibility substitutions and compared their fitness to that of their drug-susceptible wild-type (I38-WT) counterparts
Viruses detected in non-sentinel source specimens For week 20/2020 3 specimens from non-sentinel sources (such as hospitals schools primary care facilities not involved in sentinel surveillance or nursing homes and other institutions) tested positive for influenza viruses 2 were
Host specificity and virulence Influenza viruses display host specificity and avian viruses do not readily infect humans A major determinant of this specificity is the difference in cell receptor binding requirements of the HA molecule and this is determined by differing conformations of carbohydrate (N-acetylneuraminic acid) residues on cell surfaces in different species 20 However there
17 01 2012Influenza A viruses were rescued from plasmid DNA as described previously (7 8 13) To generate the recombinant wild-type (rWT) PR8 virus 293T cells were cotransfected with 1 μg of each of the eight pDZ PR8 rescue plasmids using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) The wild-type HA plasmid was replaced with a plasmid encoding the desired chimeric HA in order to generate cHA-expressing
Influenza A virus (IAV) infections causing economic losses are widely spread among swine populations worldwide In Europe over the past decades four lineages of reassortant viruses between IAVs of avian and human origin have formed (H1avN1av H1huN2 H3N2 H1pdmN1pdm/2009) that infect and are maintained in swine populations In addition to type A single cases of human influenza B virus (IBV
The maintenance of these viruses in pigs and the frequent exchange of viruses between pigs and other species is facilitated directly by swine husbandry practices which provide for a continual supply of susceptible pigs and regular contact with other species particularly humans The pig has been a contender for the role of intermediate host for reassortment of influenza A viruses of avian and
Influenza acute viral infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract marked by fever chills and a generalized feeling of malaise Influenza is caused by viruses in the family Orthomyxoviridae Learn more about the classification of influenza viruses influenza outbreaks and influenza
Unlike influenza A viruses the diversity of influenza B viruses is limited and is categorized into two lineages B/Yamagata and B/Victoria (Rota et al 1990) Despite the limited diversity influenza B viruses evolve to escape immunity and remain in circulation in humans thus necessitating yearly updates of the influenza B virus strains included in the seasonal vaccine
Influenza viruses circulated at high levels between weeks 51 of 2017 and 13 of 2018 This is longer than in recent seasons and may have contributed to the severity of this season The majority of influenza viruses detected were type B representing a higher level of circulation of influenza B viruses compared to recent seasons B/Yamagata lineage viruses which were not included in the
Since the Decemb er 2019 characterisation report report1 25 shipments of influenza influenza-positive specimens from EU/EEA countries have been received at the London WHO CC the Francis Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre (WIC) In total 954 virus specimens with collection dates after 31 August 2019 have been received Of 151 A(H1N1)pdm09 test viruses from EU/EEA countries characterised
People with influenza and non-influenza coinfections were excluded because they could not be uniquely classified as either influenza or non-influenza respiratory virus Individuals with multiple specimens collected during the season were also removed from the study as they could have had multiple different viruses over the season Specimens where neither vaccination status could be obtained
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses has joined our Transparent Peer Review Pilot Authors now have the option to choose transparent peer review when submitting their paper A transparent peer review workflow shows readers the process behind editorial decision making increases accountability and helps recognize the work of editors and peer reviewers
The Influenza viruses section of Virology Journal will publish articles on all aspects of influenza virus research including molecular genetics molecular biology biochemistry biophysics structural biology cell biology immunology morphology and pathogenesis The section will also welcome the case reports of influenza outbreaks in both human and animal populations and development and
Influenza viruses however encode in the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) mechanisms to evade and antagonize the IFN α/β response NS1 is likely to sequester viral dsRNA which prevents recognition of this dangerous molecule by cellular sensors which would otherwise trigger IFN α/β release (Garcia-Sastre 1998 Garcia-Sastre 2005)
Influenza virus is divided into four main types (Influenza A Influenza B Influenza C Influenza D) which are distinguished by differences in two major internal proteins (hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)) Three of the four types of influenza viruses affect humans: Type A Type B and Type C Type D has not been known to infect humans but is believed to have the potential to do so
Orthomyxoviridae (ὀρθός orths Greek for straight μύξα mxa Greek for mucus) is a family of RNA viruses It includes seven genera: Alphainfluenzavirus Betainfluenzavirus Deltainfluenzavirus Gammainfluenzavirus Isavirus Thogotovirus and Quaranjavirus The first four genera contain viruses that cause influenza in vertebrates including birds (see also avian influenza
Influenza a zoonosis caused by various influenza A virus subtypes affects a wide range of species including humans Pig cells express both sialyl-α-2 3-Gal and sialyl-α-2 6-Gal receptors which make them susceptible to infection by avian and human viruses respectively To date it is not known whether wild pigs in Mexico are affected by
Unlike influenza A viruses the diversity of influenza B viruses is limited and is categorized into two lineages B/Yamagata and B/Victoria (Rota et al 1990) Despite the limited diversity influenza B viruses evolve to escape immunity and remain in circulation in humans thus necessitating yearly updates of the influenza B virus strains included in the seasonal vaccine
Unit 17: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Head: Thorsten Wolff Deputy: Ralf Drrwald The unit is responsible for the surveillance of and research into influenza viruses and other major respiratory viral pathogens in Germany The virological surveillance of circulating influenza viruses is carried out by the National Reference Centre for Influenza which is part of the unit within the
Purpose: Receiving influenza vaccination may increase the risk of other respiratory viruses a phenomenon known as virus interference Test-negative study designs are often utilized to calculate influenza vaccine effectiveness The virus interference phenomenon goes against the basic assumption of the test-negative vaccine effectiveness study that vaccination does not change the risk of
Influenza viruses belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae that is characterized by the ability to attach on glycoproteins of host cell surfaces and a segmented genome composed of single stranded negatively orientated ribonucleic acid (–ssRNA) Based on their molecular features and serological characteristics of their nucleoproteins and matrix proteins influenza viruses are divided into three
Das Influenza-C-Virus besitzt im Gegensatz zu Influenza A- und B-Viren nur 7 RNA-Segmente und keine Neuraminidase Es kann wie Influenza A mehrere Spezies infizieren fhrt beim Menschen jedoch nur zu milderen Krankheitsverlufen 4 bertragung Die bertragung von Influenzaviren kann auf drei Wegen erfolgen: per Trpfcheninfektion d h durch Einatmen von Atemluft die kontaminierte
Two influenza B viruses (Victoria and Yamagata) cocirculate in humans and contribute to the estimated 290 000–650 000 annual influenza-attributed deaths Here we analysed influenza B genomic data to understand the causes of a recent surge in human influenza B infections We found that evolution is acting differently on Yamagata and Victoria viruses and that this has led to the cocirculation
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